When treating chronic pain effectively, it’s important to address not only the physical but also the emotional and psychological aspects. A psychologist can help with this.
While pain serves a purpose in alerting you to an injury such as a sprain or burn, chronic pain (also known as persistent pain) relates to pain that persists for more than three months.
People with ongoing, persistent pain often feel their pain is out of their control. A change in mental perspective and behaviour can help people to own their pain instead of feeling that their pain owns them.
The connection between pain and psychological factors
Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon. Many people are stuck on an outdated view of pain as a biological problem. However, our understanding of chronic and persistent pain is slowly increasing, and we are learning to understand the influence of psychological variables and the role the brain plays in our experience of pain.
Pain is now understood to be an output of the brain, as in, the brain creates the sensation of pain, rather than the brain receiving pain sensation passively from the body.
How a person thinks and feels about their pain is important. An individual may experience unhelpful thinking patterns that increase their experience of pain. For example:
Anger, depression, and anxiety can worsen the experience of pain, and can contribute to an individual ‘turning up the volume’ on their pain.
As an example, a person stands up from a table and feels pain in their back. They think to themselves, “well I was going to go to the gym but now I am too scared I’ll hurt myself.” They might feel frustrated, sad, and worried and as a result they sit on the couch all day watching TV, ruminating over their back injury, thinking how their life is now over. This behaviour may put themselves at risk of further pain, further slowing their recovery due to inactivity or weakening muscles.
This example provides a brief overview of the interplay of thoughts, feelings, and behaviour and how it’s crucial to understand this cycle and how people perceive, cope, and respond to their pain.
Working with a psychologist to manage your pain
Psychological factors play a huge role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Working with a psychologist who specialises in persistent pain can help to identify and address these factors which will differ from person to person.
The goal of therapy is not to remove pain but improve a person’s ability to function, decrease any challenges associated with chronic pain, and improve their quality of life – it is possible to change one's pain experience physically and emotionally.
Therapy may include:
Other frequent interventions include coping with family and marital issues related to the pain; anger management; and learning strategies for managing setbacks. Some of these areas of treatment may cross over with other health professionals.
Support at Mates4Mates
Chronic pain is complex and requires a multi-faceted approach – working with a psychologist, working with an exercise physiologist, as well as other relevant health professionals. There is no one size fits all when working with chronic pain.
If you are a veteran or family member who has been impacted by service who is looking to manage their chronic pain, please call 1300 4 MATES (62 837) to book an appointment with a Mates4Mates psychologist or exercise physiologist.
Written by Hannah Jarrold, Psychologist
References
Murphy, J.L., McKellar, J.D., Raffa, S.D., Clark, M.E., Kerns, R.D., & Karlin, B.E. (n.d.). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain among veterans: Therapist manual. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Veteran Affairs. (n.d.). Seven things you should know about pain.
A highly effective therapy for veterans with PTSD is EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing therapy, which can help process memories related to trauma and provide relief from PTSD symptoms.
